Pythagorus, 572 BCE, and start with some Chaldean or Sumerian astrologer/asrtonomers. Keep in mind that at that time, there was no real difference between astrology and astronomy. Anyway, the Chaldean and Sumerian astrologers would have had some way to measure the angles of stars and moon as they rose, travelled across, and set in the skies. We don’t know what it is, but the existence of some standard seems pretty certain.
Chemistry as a science developed from alchemy, the search for the means to transform lead into gold, which I think we can actually do now, but its cost prohibitive, ie, it costs more to make the gold than it’s worth
From early mathematics of Euclid and Pythagoras, we derive Euclidean Geometry and the Pythagoran Theorem, both of which are necessary for us to build with. The Egyptians and everybody else seem to have gotten along without those theorems, but I am sure they had some consistent means of measurement; the buildings they left are just to darn perfect.
The truth is that every curious person in between each of those individuals contributed to their discoveries.