No one here can “resolve” the issues you bring up. For example, saying that your mom “freaks out over everything” and that your dad “handles things as well as he can” doesn’t really give an objective indication that your mom is “wrong” and your dad “right”. Your mom may be more or less rationally (if stressfully) dealing with some big issues, and your dad may be totally passive and apathetic. I’m not saying that this is the case, only that no one here can tell. So anyone taking the side of one parent or the other (and they may both be handling situations badly, and both “wrong” in their approach) is talking through a hat.
What we can tell, what comes through loud and clear from your post, is that you need to talk to someone outside of your family who can help YOU deal with THEM and with the feelings that are being stirred up to make you feel bad. And we’ll do what we can to listen and maybe even offer some helpful / objective advice, but that doesn’t really fix your internal and emotional response to “How do I deal with this stuff?”
Most schools these days have counselors who are more or less under-used at this kind of work, and have at least been trained for it. Nothing beats talking to a professional who can simply listen and let you know that you’re heard and understood, and from time to time ask you open-ended questions for you to work out on your own that will help you deal with (and defuse) the stress.
Other than school counselors, religious leaders can help (even if you don’t go to church, and even if you aren’t of the same faith) can be helpful, but you should offer something in return, whether it’s volunteer work for the local outreach programs the church runs, or even an offer of babysitting services to members of the congregation. Otherwise there are also sports coaches, teachers you like and trust, and even some parents of friends (if you can trust them to keep private the things you tell them about your parents – which might be asking a lot of your judgment).
So that’s the first thing: Who do you know that you can talk to about your family life, and who will keep family issues private?