This is a pretty complicated patent, more complicated than could easily be explained/summarized here (at least without writing a volume nearly as long as the patent you’ve linked).
I recall learning about this stuff in college, but it wasn’t something you could just have offhandedly explained, it was the type of thing you went over for a while.
If you have a more specific question about it I may be able to help, but there’s a lot there to just summarize it.