@Nullo What an excellent question. Maths deal well with place and pace, the first great leaps forward that maths made. The first math, developed by the ancient Greeks, was Geometry. It dealt with place. Then came Algebra and Calculus, which together were sufficient to deal with “pace”. No sequential math is sufficient to deal with an ever-changing pattern, however. Modeling the behavior of a hurricane, for instance, would not be possible without computer simulations that evolve to be ever more predictive.
For pattern, we need a whole new math that, unlike the previous two, is completely beyond the grasp of the current human brain. It can only be handled in massively parallel computing. There, you can take a truly junky collection of programs, feed them all the known data-points that might impact the pattern in question, and see which produce the most accurate predictions. Those, you then allow to “survive” along with mutated progeny. You repeat the process over and over. Bear in mind that in each iteration, you are crunching billions or trillions of complex equations. And generation after generation, the survival of the fittest few evolves an ever more accurate model. Brilliant as it may be, the human mind has nowhere near the raw processing power to do this. We can’t even fully comprehend what our simulations are doing. We just know roughly how well they work.
It’s an old book now, but if you’re interested in this, I recommend James Bailey’s after thought: the computer challenges to human intellignece.