I don’t think it’s possible to do that, @flo. There is a way to allow only certain people to see your responses (the choices are: “everyone”, “only people you follow”, and “no one”). You do this by clicking on “My Account” next to your avatar, then clicking “Privacy settings” under “Account settings”.
There is also a way to hide individual responses, so that they don’t show up on your profile. You do this by going to your responses on your page, then clicking “Hide on Profile”.
But it looks like hiding the responses is the only thing we can change about how they are displayed. I don’t see any options for only showing the questions we responded to.