More than a type of food, you’re looking for storage options.
For anything to last outside refrigeration, it needs to be dry and/or airless. Potato chips have most of their moisture removed, so they can last as long as they’re not exposed to moist air which will make them go stale. Cooked vegetable and fruit preserves will last as long as they are vacuum-sealed. Same for meat jerkeys.
I’d consider pickling a form of cooking, even though no heat is applied, because it does result in a chemical change to the food product. The vinegar brine prevents microbial decay of the food, so that might be one option.