Sugar contains carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. These are the basic building blocks of every living thing from single cell bacteria to giant redwoods. Take trees for example they are primarily made from carbon dioxide and water.
@Lightlyseared Nitrogen and Phosphorus are also required for all life though they’re not in sugar. They are in honey, though. A few dozen other trace elements are also required, from Molybdenum to Sulfur, but many of these are in honey or located elsewhere in the bees’ diet, such as in water.