I know we are having a hard time here in Texas because we are draining the Aquifers (such as the Ogallala and Edwards) that provide the water for drinking, agriculture, etc.This water was put in place between 2 and 4 million years ago and all the while trying to bring in more people to live and work in the state because that is what defines progress.
As I understand it, the recharge rate is drastically lower than the rate we are removing water. So, at least on an aquifer by aquifer basis, I suppose we will run out of water on the level that most of us care about and that is “do you have something to drink or grow crops with”.
San Antonio is trying to install a desalination plant to be able to use other, deeper water to provide for their population and I would surmise that most of the other big Texas cities have similar plans for the future.