Generally speaking, no. I’ve heard several of them on talk shows (this is a common question they’re asked) and they are quick to state honestly that no one should ever assume that they know anything about medicine beyond what the average person would know. In other words don’t expect them to respond to “is there a doctor in the house” request in a genuine medical emergency. That would be a dangerous assumption :)
Some have commented about the difficulty of memorizing and properly pronouncing most of the terminology required to make them sound authentic.
All these medical shows employ real MDs as consultants but this is to teach them how to properly hold various instruments or pretend to perform certain procedures so that they look realistic.
They also advise on scripts and try to keep them as realistic as possible.
These TV shows have such a hectic schedule of memorizing dialogue, rehearsals, camera positioning and shooting the footage that there really isn’t much time left over to train actors the way real medical personnel would be.
However, there are several directors of military films who send their cast to a shortened version of the bootcamp training required of all soldiers.
I remember several actors commenting on how tough it was.
But I just don’t think that TV has that kind of time because if you think about it, a one hour show is shooting the equivalent of 6–10 full length movies per several month season. That’s a lot. I’m amazed they get as much accomplished as they do.