If you include the Middle East I would say Israel. But probably Switzerland because of CERN and the Large Hadron Collider.

They’re all over. Russia has some very good people doing basic scientific research. Not so much applied.

The Nordic countries (Sweden, Norway, Denmark) have excellent electronic and engineering companies and good graduate schools.

German has some very excellent grad schools n all the sciences and lots of companies and industries to build what is invented.

Great Britain has a long standing good reputation in medical R&D.

I would not recommend either France or Italy….

World Intellectual Property Indicators would suggest China is tops at patent applications. the US though is tops with patents granted.