In your first example, parapsychology, I would say it is being used in the sense of “beyond” or “past” possibly as an abbreviated version of the adjective modifier paranormal. In paranormal it would certainly be being used to describe states beyond normal.
In your second, paramedic, I would say it is being used to convey an occupation that would be considered ancillary or supplementary to the medical field. It could be being used to indicate a subordinate position in the medical field. I’m not sure if I agree with the designation and I am not sure why they would not be considered a “medic” since, in my opinion anyway, they are performing the same services as those provided by a medic or corpsman in the military.