Yes, I’m thinking of a nice house built in that period, which had a walk-in telephone niche with a door built into the wall of the main staircase just past the main foyer. I think I’ve seen similar examples, either at or near the base of the main stairs, or off the main stairs half-way to the next floor up.
Oh, I know some other houses too, where the phone niche was just big enough to hold the phone. In the examples I’m thinking of, these were:
In the hallway to the rest of the house, just after the front entryway.
In the breakfast nook off the kitchen.
Upstairs on a walkway that wrapped around the chasm for the main stair.
In a hallway connecting bedrooms.
In the wall of the “play room”.
I think they tended to be in convenient places where one could sit or stand and talk, and could be almost anywhere but generally not in rooms where more formal use was expected – i.e. I don’t remember them being in a dining room or living room.