In terms of influence within Christianity as a whole, not just Catholicism, Augustine is the greatest. In terms of intellectual achievement and broader cultural significance, yes, I’d say Aquinas is the greatest.
Augustine synthesized Christian and Platonic ideas. Aquinas took Augustinian theology and further synthesized it with Aristotle’s philosophy.
Comparing the 13th-century Islamic Caliphate with Western Christendom at that time, the former was clearly more advanced. Yet the West found its way to the Enlightenment and Islam did not. Why? A part of the answer may be because the work of Aquinas seemed to show that faith and reason could be brought into harmony. After Aquinas, religious authorities tolerated inquiry into natural and moral philosophy even when it relied on the work of non-Christian thinkers. Eventually, Aquinas’s harmonization of faith and reason would be questioned, but by that time, Western science had absorbed what it could learn from ancient and Islamic sources and was ready to go further.