It’s hard to say. That part of the world at that time in history was in constant flux, with every tribe consisting of more than one goat claiming to be its own kingdom—and many of them were nomadic, to make matters even more difficult. Even some of the larger ethnic groups like the Scythians and the Hittites had fluid boundaries, while religious divisions muddied the waters still further, meaning you might be Middianite or Edomite depending on your personal religious convictions even among a single ethnic group.
A lot of the more symbolic and mystical language found in the Bible today is the result of the originals being coded to avoid Roman persecution. A lot of scholars, for example, believe that John of Patmos was referring to Nero in Revelation as the anti-Christ, with the psychedelic imagery there to hide the commentary from the Romans.