Yes, definitely. The diagnostic scales often classify patients’ symptoms as “mild”, “moderate” or “severe”. Here’s one of the most frequently-used evaluation scales. By adjusting the symptoms for your (imaginary?) patient, you can see how the intensity rises.
Many people, when they hear the term “depression”, would assume the patient is no longer able to experience any joy, stays in bed all day, unable to care for themselves, possibly at risk of hurting themselves. Those are symptoms associated with severe cases, often called “major depression”. They require immediate attention by a professional. Less intense forms of depression, however, can easily get worse if left untreated.
There is another type of depression that is called “persistent depressive disorder”. While it’s less intense, it lasts for much longer than the typical depressive episode and can be debilitating.
Here’s a short article on different types of depression.