In America, the degree never expires. To be able to practice medicine you need a state license. If the person let the license lapse they would need to get another. In America just moving to another state you usually need to get another license—go through the testing process again and whatever background checks that state has. If you work for the military or some sort of federal instillation you can be licensed by any state I think.
Board certification is different than licensing if I understand it correctly, we might need caravanfan. Board certified is when a doctor has demonstrated a mastery in a particular part of medicine.
Side note: Once a doctor, it’s proper to address the person as Dr. even if s/he retired. It’s like how we still call former presidents Pres. Lastname. Once you earn the degree or position the title stays with you.