A cupcake without frosting is a still a cupcake. You can’t frost a muffin and call it a cupcake. It’s the composition, not the frosting, that makes it what it is.
@cookieman I would be offended if someone called me muffin especially in my present “Covid muffin top” state. Yes I’m blaming Covid, don’t cross me Cupcake.
A cupcake has a little paper cup, a muffin does not. And a cupcake is usually sweeter. And I have never seen a muffin with frosting, although it could happen.
A cupcake is the result of a cake batter. A muffin is made up of generally other ingredients that don’t include baking powder. It’s a soda cake, made of baking soda.
Top or no top depends on fill. When I make cupcakes some of them have tops. You can make muffins or cupcakes with or without the paper cup. For pete sake, it’s the ingredients and not the shape or what you put under, around or on top.
When my oldest granddaughter and her little brother, who was a picky eater, were at my house they wanted food. All I had were corn meal muffins. Little brother declined and went out to play.
Big sister hatched a plan. She told me to put peanut butter on one. It looked just like a cup cake!
I asked if I should make one for little brother.
She said No. He’ll know it’s a trick if we give him one. Her plan was to go out and eat it in front of him while ignoring him! Little brother ate 3 of them! Then Now..
Conniving girl!!