Afghanistan has been the graveyard of military ambitions since the days of Alexander the Great. In the history of the world, no great power has EVER succeeded militarily or otherwise in controlling it. The brutally harsh and sparse geography of the place renders it effectively immune to any civilizing influences, and powerful nations consistently refuse to accept the truth that primitive tribal people might successfully defy the weapons and terrors of modernity in a hellscape which renders infantry tactics and logistics useless. The thing which is truly deplorable about our own involvement in Afghanistan is that our own government and military must surely know the history of the place. We Americans are inexcusably ignorant of the history of ANYTHING, but you would think that at least the people running our ignorant country would consult with those aware of the history of Afghanistan and draw the proper conclusions. Like Vietnam, this mistake is once again colossal and another in the lineup of multi trillion dollar stupidity fests in the lineage of our clown show pretense at empire.