@LuckyGuy “So if they are 5 ft tall and walking away you need to double it = 5.4 miles for them to be completely below the horizon.”
– No, because sight distance is not a direct factor of height. At 10 feet ASL, I think you end up with about 3.9 miles.
However, the way @Ltryptophan worded the question “How far will [another person walking away from you] get before they are out of sight?”, the answer would be your sight distance PLUS their sight distance before you’d lose sight of their eyes behind the horizon. Your sight distance would give you the distance before their feet started to disappear below the horizon.
@ragingloli “If the gravity is strong enough to bend the light to the right degree, you can see the back of your head.”
– Except not, because that amount of gravity means you’re inside the event horizon of a black hole, and you and your eyes and head have no doubt long ago been destroyed many times over by all sorts of phenomena, you have nothing to see with, nothing to stand on, and you’re falling at ridiculous speed.
“If you are a Super Saiyan, you can fire a beam attack to bore a hole through the sphere, enabling you to see through to the other side.”
– But you’re not Super Saiyan. No one in this universe is. And even if something theoretically had the energy to “bore a hole through” a planet, the results would not be a handy viewing tube. It would be more like a cataclysmic explosion, destruction of the would-be observer, and immediate collapse of whatever hole was created, and other almost incalculable levels of destruction.