A brisket of beef is injected with corns (like small gravel) of rock salt to produce a somewhat dry hunk of meat, “corned” beef, that will last some time without refrigeration.
Ham is smoked at a low temperature, cooking it and drying it so that it, too, will last a certain amount of time without refrigeration.
Beef jerky is dried, salted, peppered, and will last a long time until eaten, or prepared with water, potatoes, tomatoes, etc., as stew or soup. Fish can be cured the same way.
And salt pork.