From “Dictionary of the Bible” by William Smith:
“The language of the apostles was of course the form of Aramaic spoken in Northern Palestine, a sort of patois, partly Hebrew, but more nearly allied to the Syriac”
in what sense was Jesus not a Jew?
I was mistaken in identifying Petros and Petra as Aramaic, however; they are Greek. The Aramaic equivalent is kepha which, incidentally, isn’t subject to the awkward gender difference that makes the Petros/petra translation ambiguous. Spoken in Aramaic, both Peter and the rock would have been referred to as ”kepha”. So the identification of Peter with the rock on which Jesus was to build the church would seem even more evident in Aramaic than in Greek.