I believe the new edition of Janson is less Western-centric, but agree there’s nothing like browsing the shelves of a good art collection and tasting a variety of artists and periods.
I would also highly recommend some of the popular video series on art which should be available at your library. Two from some years ago are Kenneth Clark’s Civilization and Sister Wendy’s series (she’s a hoot.) A good recent one was Simon Schama’s The Power of Art which has a companion book of the same name. That series might be a very good place to start.
In terms of surveys of particular periods as you specify in your question, there are some good overviews published by Penguin and Thames and Hudson. There is also a nice recent group of books written by a woman (Patricia something) called Impressionists at Home, Impressionists by the Sea, etc., that are lovely and very accessible.
I’m on semester break right now and not at my library, but if you still need help, ask again later in the month.