I thought this was interesting so I looked it up.
Q. Does Salvia divinorum show up on drug tests?
A: No. Tests have not been developed to detect use of Salvia divinorum. Although it may be possible for a properly equiped lab to identify traces of salvinorin A or its metabloites in urine, it is not something that would be done in an ordinary drug test. Certainly, this should be of no concern in countries where Salvia divinorum remains legal. The active principal, salvinorin A, is not chemically similar to other drugs typically tested for, and therefore it should not produce a false-positive result when testing for other drugs.
http://www.sagewisdom.org/faq.html
We have been told that Salvia divinorum is now on the list of banned substances for the U.S. Navy but is not tested for in drug tests. Those found in possession or using it will be charged under UCMJ Article 92 “Failure to Obey Order or Regulation”. (unconfirmed)
http://www.erowid.org/plants/salvia/salvia_law.shtml
The Navy Awareness Training on Salvia Divinorum, Feb 2004 (orig) states that sailors may be disciplined under SECNAVINST 5300.28C and OPNAVINST 5350.4C as general prohibitions against the “illicit” use of intoxicants. These reportedly do not apply to religious / spiritual use, although we do not know the details of these exemptions. (thanks DN)