Good question.
What does it mean to be intelligent? If I take out the part of your brain involved in producing speech (Broca’s area), you’ll still be able to run and ski and do math problems but you won’t be able to form normal sentences. Or if I damage your hippocampus, the part of your brain that you need to make new memories, you’ll be totally normal…except you’ll be unable to learn anything new.
Babies are born with trillions more neurons than they’ll ever need, and these get systematically pruned back as they develop. But we know that during development, people get smarter, not dumber.
So it looks like the number of brain cells you have doesn’t have a whole lot to do with how smart you are.
Making new brain cells is another matter. There are only two parts of your brain that are capable of growing new neurons: the subventricular zone, which sends newborn brain cells to the part of your brain responsible for smell, and the subgranular zone, which sends some to the hippocampus—the part I mentioned before that’s responsible for building new memories.
So to answer your question, I don’t think losing brain cells makes you less intelligent, but to really answer that question you have to define intelligence. And you can grow new cells, but only in specific parts of your brain for specific purposes.