As far as woodwind instruments are concerned, the “Boehm Sysytem” of air hole placement, padding and fingering mechanisms was not fully developed until 1847. Virtually all modern instruments use this system. The instruments made before this were much more difficult to play. The “Badinerie” from Bach’s Orchestral Suite No. 2 is probably the most used “tryout piece” by those evaluating orchestral flute players. I don’t think it would be playable on a flute of Bach’s day, but, of course, it was. Mercadante wrote 6 flute concertos before 1847. James Galway, using the best modern equipment, has said publicly that he can’t play parts of them because they are so difficult. Franz Von Suppe and Carl von Weber both wrote extremely difficult Clarinet pieces (e.g. Weber’s “Grand Duo Concertante” for Clarinet and Piano) before 1847. I don’t think a modern concert artist would deny that she probably couldn’t play them – at least as written – on a period instrument. I am less knowledgeable about brass. Playing Bach’s Brandenburg Concerto No. 2 on an ordinary valveless period trumpet would be very difficult. The notes may be written so they “fall easily”, but playing the high notes and sixteenth notes without valves? I think most modern recordings are made playing a trumpet the size of a child’s toy so that the high notes can be reached more easily and the short notes at the proper tempo. Of course, people are playing period strings so my hypothesis doesn’t apply..