One popular quote says “the measure of a civilization is how it treats its weakest members.”
This professor says that the moral measure of civilization is how it treats its enemies.
A Chippewa medicine man said, “I do not think that the measure of a civilization is how tall its buildings of concrete are, but rather how well its people have learned to relate to their environment and fellow man.”
J.N. Nielson proposes an adaptation of the Kardashev method:
It seems to me that a truly mature civilization could be measured by the extent to which both individuals and social groups take responsibility for their own destiny, and moreover pursue this proactive sense of responsibility to the extent that unintended consequences are understood to count against our efforts, and that the only honestly measurable “success” of a civilization are those intended consequences brought to fruition with a minimum of unintended consequences. Further, a mature civilization (or the measure of a mature civilization) might also involve steps taken in the amelioration of unintended consequences.
It seems there is no dearth of proposals about how to measure the success of civilization. This is only skimming the first two pages of the google search.