Baseball didn’t catch on in many other places because it’s not a sport that can be played, or even learned, easily. One needs much more equipment for it that almost any other sport (Excepting American Football, which again, is prevalent only in the U.S) and a dedicated space is also needed.
With soccer, all you need is a ball and goal. Baseball requires a ball, a field with specifically placed patches of dirt, bases, bats, helmets, gloves… It’s just that in countries with less wealth than the U.S, soccer is a sport that anyone can pick up and play anywhere.
Baseball was introduced and taught everywhere it is currently played. A lot of people outside if baseball playing countries just don’t want to go out of there way to learn baseball because it would be a lot of trouble and they already have easily accessible sports available to them. Which I personally think is a shame, because Baseball is an amazing sport which I absolutely love.