Honestly, I don’t think there are any. Babies learn from their parents and their parents use a combination of words and gestures until they get the baby to associate a word with a thing. It’s dependent upon the knowledge base of the people communicating.
If someone had eaten grapefruit, I would say “An orange is like a smaller grapefruit, with the tart but without any bitter. Definitely sweeter.”
“If your forehead makes it’s own sweat [moisture] you are warm. The furnace is warm.”
“If you get goose pimples and shiver (things I can describe), you’re cold. The fridge is cold.”
“You know how cotton-balls feel? Clouds are like bags full of cotton-balls dumped across the sky. If they look angry, we may have rain, or worse. If they look happy they are just light fluffy masses slowly moving against the sky.”
“Take your orange and hold it against a piece of paper with the tips of your fingers. In the other hand take a stick and go around the orange against the paper. The outline on the paper is a circle. The orange is a ball, sphere, orb etc. The outline is a circle.
Touch your forefinger to your thumb lightly. The space left is a crude circle used to mean okay or good.”
Most kids learn ”bad* early on. We have effectively equate bad with danger. Fine line. You don’t know if you’re repressing or enabling your kid until it’s too late.