@wildpotato I don’t think you’re a terrible person for saying that the Ferengi represent the Jews. The Star Trek universe is supposed to be an ideal of tolerance and equality, but because it’s written by 20th century humans, many of the alien species are awful caricatures that we are increasingly embarrassed to depict in human races*. @ragingloli‘s question is asking us to match those caricatures to our stereotypes of specific countries on Earth, and you’re probably right about the Ferengi. Honestly, this is a question that is hard to answer because it requires stereotyping the nations of Earth, and no one wants to do that.
I agree that the Bajorans are not like Canada (as a Canadian, this is not surprising!). The Bajorans are characterized by their long persecution and their deep spirituality. Neither of these are associated with Canada. They also are not particularly tolerant (think of their reaction to the arrival of the Scria), whereas Canada is a huge melting pot created by immigration. Perhaps Africa is a better match.
I think the United Federation of Planets is more likely to be the US than the EU, partly because the show was obviously created in the US, so it is the handiest reference for the writers. But also because they are so in awe of their own founding principles, and assume that every new civilization encountered must want to be just like them. They are as full of hubris as Americans are.
*though not so long ago, STNG did portray some awful stereotypes in episodes like Up the Long Ladder (the Irish) and Code of Honor (Africans) without embarrassment.