There isn’t just one argument.
You’re right that you don’t like smoke, that you care about your brother and that he (and everyone) are affected by second-hand smoke, and that opening the doors would help that somewhat.
I’d also add that it’s not very considerate or wise to let people smoke in your house when there are children and people who don’t like smoke there.
Your dad is right that he’s the parent, it’s his house and his guest, he gets to make rules in his house and tell children what to do, and he can lay down his version of what’s rude or not and expect his children to try to respect that. He can also be a jerk, be self-centered, be wrong, and get his children to be very angry with him, yet act like he’s right about it. I’d say much of that is very foolish parenting and sucks for you, but from the view of a lot of our patriarchal, child-disrespecting society, it’s considered acceptable. It still sucks.
He may or may not be right that his guest would think it were rude, but whatever.
Basically I think you’re right but that it’s probably wisest to let your dad have his way because if he’s an ass about smoking in the house and upset that you’d open doors, he may be even more of an ass if you defy his ass-hole-ness in other ways, so you may be best off not trying to win the argument, but finding clever non-confrontational ways to avoid the smoke, such as going in a room with your brother, opening the window there, and trying to explain to your dad later that you are really bothered and concerned by smoke.