20 years ago, in Chicago, the RED light meant “4 more cars!!” . It was bad. I lived elsewhere from about 2000 to 2007, and when I returned, people had stopped running reds.
The difference? New cameras at many intersections, recording every transgression. $100 tickets go out, with a link where you can see video of your own mistake online.
People hate the red cameras but they made a huge improvement in driving habits.
Regarding the yellow, I think most people punch it occasionally. I’m a lot less likely to do so after seeing the video of my couple of red light tickets. I got scared straight. I’m about to complete my fourth ticket-free year, including simple parking tickets.