So you’re not talking about skepticism but more of an emotional disconnection. I don’t know if there is a word for this, but I think if you study these periods in the right way, you can develop an empathy for the people of those times even if it is hard to imagine what it was like to live under those conditions.
Many years ago I watched a popular series about ancient Rome on CD. The CD had interviews with the creators of the show, who commented on how they saw the ancient Romans after studying them intensely for the show. They said the picture that emerged was that the ancient Romans seemed just like us in some ways, but in others they seemed completely alien and incomprehensible.
Simone Weil’s essay, “The Iliad, or the Poem of Force”, is a masterpiece of critical interpretation. It may help readers recognize the reality and humanity of those ancient people and understand why Homer’s poem still has something to tell us today. It’s available online for free.
[Edit—TLDR: Read this https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/simone-weil-the-iliad]