I suppose that may vary with publisher and contract, so I guess I should have said you could be asked. The author I heard speak earlier this week made this statement as a general proposition and also said that she had declined the advance in favor of 18 months of promotion, rather than being on her own for promotion after the first rush.
I recently heard another author of three published novels point out that a large first advance is a liability when you come to negotiating your second book if your first fell short, and she recommended changing your pen name if that happens.