No, it’s not common. And believe me, a young person would have a hard time to get a job with a German company as well. I’m irritated by this phrase ‘getting a job with a non-German company’. Why would it just matter to non-German companies?
As @ragingloli said the name is not banned, but for many decades parents simply don’t pick this name anymore. Of course there are many people born in 1941 for example, now 75 years old, with the name Adolf.
If that kid from New Jersey ever travels to Germany he would be arrested right at the airport when showing his passport. Anything that has to do with direct promotion of Nazism is illegal. Even denying the holocaust is illegal. There are people who tried this and they had to pay hefty fines. It’s this one exception where freedom of speech is restricted in Germany.
A good website about names was mentioned earlier. And here’s all you need to know about Adolf:
http://www.beliebte-vornamen.de/4501-adolf.htm
It’s in German, but you will understand the graphs. Here are a few key points:
The decline started in 1942. The name almost disappeared in 1951 already. Before that it was especially common Bavaria and neighboring Austria as can be seen from the phone book statistics in 1999. In 2006 among 27,700 babies there was 1 case with Adolf as a second name. Not necessarily with neo-Nazi parents. There could have been other reasons. The name Adolf actually means noble wolf.