Cement is an ingredient in concrete. They are not the same thing, although the words are mistakenly used interchangeably quite often.
You need to make sure that whatever you are making the hole in to accommodate laundry chute can handle it structurally. I
You need to size the hole. How much laundry do you want to be able to transport in one go?
Sheet metal would probably suffice, so long as you design the chute not to see any load. Rivets would be good fasteners. I don’t think solder will work. Welding is an option, but only if you’re using way-too-heavy-and-expensive thick steel.
You need to think of a way to frame it out.
You should check building codes to make sure whatever you install is code compliant, as something that is not may (not sure) affect resell value.
You should pick a place that is above the laundry room to avoid over-complicating the design. You want the chute to be totally vertical, otherwise things might get stuck and it will be harder to mfg the chute.
You need to consider how you will support the chute structurally.
View ports wouldn’t really be useful unless you’re spanning multiple floors – then they would elevate your laundry chute to super-de-duper-de-lux awesome status.
Doesn’t necessarily need to be within a wall; could just be a hole in the floor if the laundry room is one floor below the chute opening…but then the chute would be exposed.
Cleaning I don’t really see that being necessary. After all, it’s meant to transport dirty laundry…
It’s easier to make a rectangular hole in wood than a circle, at least for me.