Absolutely! And there are systems that will easily survive the impact. EXACTO round
But,...
The device requires a power source – batteries need to be changed.
The unit would be expensive. With production volumes in the 100,000 per year range costs could conceivably be reduced to $50–75 for the electronics.for a modified GPS based system . If the golf courses were willing to put in a few small wifi based repeater systems the electronics cost per ball could be reduced to the $30–40 range.