The studies on the efficacy of cloth masks is all over the place, but not good when you actually look at them as opposed to just reading the NY Times headline.. N95 masks are effective, but no one wears them because they’re uncomfortable. Surgical masks have statically charged material and so do catch tiny particles, but they often fit poorly and most people don’t correct that, and thus they do alot less in the real world than in laboratory conditions.
Cloth masks also fit erratically, but the studies showing them as being effective against covid were often using a level of quality that very very few people have in cloth masks. They’re 3–5 ply, with 2–3 layers of specialized materials. I went on Amazon looking for masks that met the criteria of the studies showing cloth masks as effective and LITERALLY ZERO of the masks on the first two pages of cloth masks met them. The studies showing these masks as effective are testing under unrealistic conditions.
I did but a big thing of TP, bottled water, and paper towels during the height of the 2020 shortages…and they’ve been sitting unopened in my basement since.